Everything about Dhahran totally explained
» This article is about Dhahran, the city. For the Saudi Aramco residential compound, see Dhahran Aramco Camp.
Dhahran (
Arabic الظهران
aẓ-Ẓahrān) is located in
Saudi Arabia's
Eastern Province, and is a major administrative center for the Saudi
oil industry. Large
oil reserves were first identified in the Dhahran area in
1931, and in
1935 Standard Oil of California (now
Chevron Corporation) drilled the first commercially viable
oil well. Standard Oil later established a subsidiary in Saudi Arabia called the Arabian American Oil Company (ARAMCO), now fully owned by the
Saudi government as
Saudi Aramco .
Geography
Dhahran is a short distance west of downtown
Al-Khobar. It is about south of
Dammam. Both are older Saudi port cities on the
Persian Gulf. Looking farther afield, Dhahran is northeast of
Abqaiq, and southeast of
Qatif (a traditional
Shi'ite oasis town) and, further north,
Ras Tanura, a major oil port. The island nation of
Bahrain is also within easy driving distance to the east (about ), across the King Fahd Causeway, from Khobar.
Geology
The patch of desert on which the city is built is hilly/rocky, and most of the earliest productive oil wells in Saudi Arabia were drilled in the area, such as Dammam Well #7: "Prosperity Well," the first commercially viable oil well in Saudi Arabia in the 1930s. This well is still in production 70 years later. This later led to the selection of two barren nearby hills as the place for
Aramco to construct its headquarters.
(External Link
)
The Dhahran-Dammam area is one of two regions, the other being
Jeddah, that were selected as potential sites to build the first Saudi
nuclear reactor.
(External Link)
Climate
Dhahran’s climate is characterized by extremely hot, humid summers, and cool winters. Temperatures can rise to more than in the summer, coupled with extreme humidity (85-100 per cent), given the city’s proximity to the Persian Gulf. Dhahran holds the record for the highest
dew point ever recorded in the world. On July 8th, 2003 the dew point was .
(External Link) In winter, the temperature rarely falls below or, with rain falling mostly between the months of November and May. The Shamal winds usually blow across the city in the early months of the summer, bringing dust storms that can reduce visibility to a few metres. These winds can last for up to three months.
History
Dhahran was settled after 1938, the year oil was discovered in the vicinity.
In 1950 Dharan had a population of about 7,000 people.
Economy
Dhahran is the headquarters of Saudi Aramco. The company is the largest
oil company in the world with the largest oil reserves in the world
(External Link), and it produces about 10 million barrels of oil per day. Most of the oil is exported, since local Saudi needs require about 12 percent of the total production. (See:
Saudi Aramco)
Sixty-five years on, Dhahran is still Saudi Aramco's worldwide headquarters and the center of the company's finance, exploration, engineering, drilling services, medical services, materials supply and other company organisations.
Demographics
2004 census the total population of the Dhahran municipality is 97,446.
Many companies that employ relatively large numbers of expats have built fenced-in compounds where most expats live, such as the
Saudi Aramco Residential Camp in Dhahran, ROC, CCC, Al-Nada, Oasis, and many others. There are also several neighborhoods, or suburbs, such as Hay Al-Doha (حي الدوحه) and Hay Al-Dana (حي الدانة), whose residents include Saudi nationals as well as expats.
Government, law, and security
Dhahran is part of the Eastern Province (
Ash Sharqiyah Province), the largest province in Saudi Arabia. The province is governed by Prince Mohammed bin Fahd bin Abdul Aziz al-Saud. Just like the rest of the country, the law of
Shari’a, or
Islamic law is adhered to. Following the
Saudi Arabian municipal elections in
2005, members of the municipal councils were elected.
Dhahran is guarded as it's a high visibility city. The
Saudi Special Emergency Forces' Eastern Province headquarters are located in Dhahran near the Saudi Aramco residential camp. There are many security checkpoints throughout the city that have been almost permanently in place since the
Riyadh Compound Bombings.
Transport
As the centre of the nation's oil industry, Dhahran enjoys excellent transport resources both nationally and internationally.
The nation's excellent highway infrastructure was modernized extensively in the '70s and '80s and features National Guard checkpoints at strategic locations.
Formerly one of Saudi Arabia's three major international airports,
Dhahran Airport (DHA), which in 1946 began as the
Dhahran Airfield, is now an airbase of the
Royal Saudi Air Force. Today,
King Fahd International Airport (DMM), which replaced Dhahran International for commercial and
cargo, serves the entire metropolitan area of Dhahran,
Dammam, and
Al Khobar.
Saudi Aramco Aviation has its own buildings and terminal where all Saudi Aramco flights originate.
Although rail service in Saudi Arabia plays a much more minor role today than 50 years ago, an industrial railroad with a station adjacent to Dhahran still exists, linking it to the capital
Riyadh.
Public transport isn't wide-spread although it's available in a very limited manner. Taxi service is more popular than taking a bus. Saudi Aramco runs its own bus transport, which connects the residential and industrial camps of the company, as well as connecting them to Dhahran and Khobar. Almost all residential compounds operate their own bus services which are typically used for shopping trips by the residents.
Communications and Media
Mobile communications are provided mainly by
STC, and
Mobily. Both companies have launched 3G services to their customers. STC also provides landlines through its Al-Hatif services, as well as providing internet services through Saudi Data. There are several
Internet Service Providers such as Al-Alamiah, ArabNet, Nesma and others. Both
dial-up and
DSL services are available.
There are several popular radio stations, such as
Radio Sawa, Studio One 91.4 FM, broadcast from Aramco, Bahrain Radio 96.5 FM, and
AFRTS.
Satellite television is predominant in the market, with
Orbit Network and
Showtime Arabia being the most popular, as well as the widespread
Arabsat and Nilesat satellite channel operators.
Education
Schools in Dhahran come under two sections: public (government-run) and private. Public schools (K-12), open to almost everyone, strictly adhere to teaching the curriculum exactly as provided by the Ministry of Education. Public schools also come under two sections: Aramco Built and government built. The Aramco built schools are usually better in design and last longer due to them being built on higher standards. Dhahran First Secondary Schools and Dhahran Third Intermediate Schools are examples of Aramco built public schools in Dhahran. Private schools also teach the ministry’s curriculum, but they've more freedom, often enhancing certain aspects, such as teaching more than just the ministry’s curriculum when teaching the English language. King Fahd University Schools and Al-Sa'ad National Schools are examples of private schools in Dhahran.
There are several schools that teach the curriculum of their native countries, such as the
Indian International School,
Dhahran British Grammar School, Dhahran Academy, Dhahran Middle School,
Dhahran High School, and Al-Khobar French School.
Dhahran is also home to the
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, and the Aramco Training Center (ATC), where many new employees of Saudi Aramco learn useful skills, such as English, Business Math, Physics, and computer skills.
King Faisal University and
Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University are also located near the city. There are also plans for building the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology.
Little League World Series
Dhahran, Saudi Arabia has represented the
Trans-Atlantic region 8 years straight in the running. The city also had 11 teams before that represent them from the first being in
1983 through
1998. Though Dhahran has produced many teams to the LLWS, no team has ever won the World Series championship game, nor the international championship game.
Dhahran in popular culture
- Acts of terrorism, including the Oasis Compound attack, the Khobar Towers attack, and the attack on the Petroleum Centre in Al-Khobar, were widely televised in the international media. Media within the kingdom are heavily censored and government controlled.
- The West Wing: In one episode, the story plot includes picketers outside the Aramco camp of Dhahran.
- In 1998, after the kidnapping and murder of Matthew Shepard, a Wyoming college student, the major American news networks would occasionally mention that the student's parents lived in Dhahran and worked for Aramco.
- In Abdelrahman Munif's Cities of Salt novels, the oil-company outpost of Darran is widely believed to be Dhahran's fictional analogue.
- Dhahran is known for its Little League Team winning in the Transatlantic Tournament and often going to Williamsport, Pennsylvania, to participate in the Little League Baseball World Series.
Sources
Further Information
Get more info on 'Dhahran'.
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